The industrial sectors that can benefit from adaptive real-time technology include Consumer Electronics, Industrial Automation, and Telecommunications.

Consumer Electronics (CE) products range from miniature cameras and MP3 players to advanced media servers and large displays. Mainly driven by Moore’s law, the evolution in the CE industry is very fast [Bou05]. Utilizing available hardware and software resources in an optimal fashion is crucial both to save costs and to keep the competitive edge. Moreover, multimedia systems exhibit a highly dynamic behavior, since task execution times are often dependent on input data that are difficult to predict [Riz06]. As a consequence, these systems are prone to intermittent overload conditions that could degrade the performance in an unpredictable fashion [Wus05, Loo03]. To address these problems, the cluster aimed at integrating the most recent research results achieved in the real-time community to build flexible as well as predictable real-time systems that can react to load changes and perform QoS adaptation in a controlled fashion.

In the area of Industrial Automation there is a trend to use distributed solutions for connecting the general plant actuators, sensors and the controllers. At the same time, there is an increase of demands for new options and improvements in the automation results, fetching more control of plant secondary data. This imposes a continuous increment in processing power and memory capacity that requires adaptivity at different levels of system operation. The contribution of the cluster in this domain was to investigate how to achieve predictability and adaptivity in distributed systems.

Embedded systems for telecommunications applications are mainly targeted to the interfaces between communication technologies and to coding/decoding operations. They may be considered real-time as they have timeliness requirements for some of the critical operations they must perform. The referred systems are microprocessor based platforms, often integrating a second processor (e.g., a DSP) devoted to specific functions, like MPEG coding. From the software point of view, a modern mobile phone typically consists of several million lines of code with use-cases involving large number of concurrent activities. A system supporting ``memory and temporal protection’’ would allow safely mixing real-time and non real-time applications with the benefit of achieving a more scalable platform. The work on resource reservation carried out in the cluster was of crucial importance to manage the increased complexity of the applications in this domain.

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